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QUADRUPLBX TELEGRAPH. No. 340,130. Patented Apr. 20, 1886.

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QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPH.

No. 340,130. Patented'Apr. 20, 1886.

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' UNITE TATES JOSEPH W. LARISH, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO TELEGRAPH COMPANY, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPH.

$PBGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 340,130, dated April 20, 1886.

Application filed J une' 6, 1885. Serial No. 167,849. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it-known that I, JOSEPH W. LARISH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Quadruplex Telegraphs, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to the organization of apparatus for transmitting and receiving two messages in each direction over a single condoctor at the same time.

The special object of the invention is to provide means for operating the receivinginstruments at a station by currents from a single local battery in such a manner that the action of the instruments shall be reliable, the contact-points will not be impaired by disruptive discharges, and the instruments shall not produce false signals upon reversals of the main-line currents, and, in general, the purpose of the invention is to provide a reliable, efficient, and economical organization of both transmitting and receiving apparatus.

The invention consists in= organizing the apparatus substantially as follows: Currents of two different strengths and of either polarity are transmitted by means of the following key system: Two positive and two negative batteries or battery-sections of difl'erent 3o strengths are employed. When the apparatus is at rest, one of the batteries of less strength is connected with the line, and when one of the keys is operated the other battery of corresponding strength is substituted therefor. The

like battery-sections are coupled in series when the second key is operated, and one of the other pair is connected with the main line, according to the position of the second key. By means of this apparatus the required classes 40 of currents are transmitted.

The receiving apparatus consists of a neutral and a polar relay in the main-line circuit and two receiving-instrnments in a single local circuit, the connections of which are controlled 5'by the relays. The battery of the local circuit has its connections completed at all times through a circuit, portions of which are variously shunted by the operations of the relays. The instrument responding to the polar relay go is preferably differentially wound, and when and certain modifications which will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the general organization of apparatus, and Figs. 2

and 3 are diagrams illustrating modified organizations.

Referring to Fig. l. O and 0 represent two batteries. The negative pole of one and the positive pole of the other are united with a conductor, 1, at a point, 4, by conductors2 and 3, respectively. The conductor 1 leads-to the earth at E. The negative pole of a battery, 0, is connected by a conductor, 5, with a contact-spring or pivoted arm, I)", of a key, K. The resting-stop I) of this arnris' con nected by a conductor, 6, with the positive pole of a battery, 0. -In like manner the positive pole of a battery, 0 is connected by a conductor, 7 with an arm, 12, of the key K*. A contact-stop, b of this key is connected by a conductor, 8, with the negative pole of the battery 0'. The key K is further provided with a point, b, upon the key-lever, and with a resting-contact, 0 applied to the spring b. When thekey is i n the position of rest, as shown, the arm I) is in contact with the stop b and the point 2) holds the spring I) away from its contact b. The connection between the battery O and 0' is thus interrupted, and likewise the connection between the batteries 0 and 0'. At the same time, however, the arm b is in connection with the point I), and this point 5 is connected by a conductor, 9, through the resistance R, with the point 4, and thus with the earth at E. The arm b is in contact with the point 12 which is connected with the conductor 9. The two batteries 0' and O are I00 thus cut out of circuit, and the batteries 0 and 0 are grounded through the resistance R, which serves to equalize the resistance of the circuits.

\Vhen the key K is operated, the batteries 0' and 0 are connected in series, andlikewise the batteries 0 and o". The positive pole of the battery 0' is connected with'an arm, a, of a key, K. The negative pole of the battery 0 is connected by a conductor, 11, with the spring or arm a of the key K. The lever a of the key, as shown in the drawings, rests against the arm a", separating it from its resting contact-point a, while the arm a is held away from the lever a by its resting'point a. When the key K is operated, however, the arm a", is separated from the lever a by its point a, while the lever itself is brought into contact with the arm a. The lever a is connected with the line L, and in this mannerthepositive pole of the battery 0 or the negative pole of the battery 0 will be connected with the line, according to the position of the key K, and a positive or a negative current will thus bev transmitted. The strength of this current will depend upon the position of the key Kflwhich determines whethenor not the battery ,0 or 0" shall also be in circuit.

- The strength of the batteries 0 and-O is preferably about three times as great as the strength of the batteries 0 and 0".

The receiving apparatus is controlled by a polar relay, R, and a neutral relay, R, included in the main-line circuit. The former responds to the movements of the key K, and the lat,- ter to the movements vof the key K. When 7 the apparatus is at rest, a current of strength due to the battery 0 alone traverses the line. This is insufficient to operate the armature of the relay RI, and it is of the proper character to hold the armature lever of the relay R in such position that its receiving-instrument or sounder S will not be actuated.

The armature cot the polar relay R vibrates between two contact-stops, d and 0 The armature d of the neutral relay is provided with two contact-stops, d and d. A localbattery, 2, has one pole connected with the armature-lever c and with both the contactstops 0' and c. Likewise it is connected with the armature-lever d and both its stops (1 and d, and thus back to the remaining pole of the battery.

The receiving-instrument or sounder of the relay R is wound with differential coils. One of these coils is included in the portion of the local circuit indicated by the conductor 13 between the battery and the contact-stop 0, while the other coil is included in the condoctor 14 between the contact-stop and the armature-lever 0. An artificial resistance, r, is included between the armature-lever c and the stop 0" in the conductor 15.

, The receiving-instrument S of therelay R is preferably a repeating-sounder, and it is also wound with two opposing coils, onecoil being included in the conductor 16- between the step d and the lever 11, and the remaining coil in the conductor 18,leading to the remaining pole of the battery 2 from the stop d". An artificial resistance, r, isuincluded in the conductor 17, between the armature d and the stop d.

When the apparatus is at rest,the armature c rests against its stop 0, and the armature d rests against its rear contact-stop, d. The current of the local battery traverses both coils of the instrument S, and produces no effect thereon. circuit formed around one of the coils of the instrument S" by the stop d and the lever d. The sounder S", which in this instance is designed to reverse the signals, responds, therefore,to the current traversing one coil.

When the polarity of the current upon the line is reversed by the key K. the armaturelever 0 moves from the stop a" to the stop 0', and shunts one coil of the receivinginstrument S through the stop 0 and the armature c. The instrument S therefore responds. For the purpose of maintaining the resistance of the circuit approximately the same, the artificial resistance r is employed, and this is thus broughtinto circuitin place of tee shunted coil of the sounder. Its resistance is approximately equal to that of the coil.

When the strength of the current is increased by the action of the key K", the lever d responds and passes from the point d to. the point (1, thereby interrupting the shunt around the one coil, establishing the circuit through bothcoils of the repeating-sounder S", which thereby responds. The resistance T, which is approximately equal to that of one coil of the sounder S", is in circuit as long as the lever d, is against its stop d,- but upon the movement of the lever to the stop d this resistance is shunted, so that although the additional resistance of the sounder S is placed in circuit, an equivalent amount is cut out of circuit by the contact of the lever d with the stop (1.

Referring now to some of the peculiar ad vantages incident to this organization, it will be understood that thereis always maintained for the battery z a completed circuit, so that there is no opportunity for the occurrence of disruptive discharges between the contactpoints upon an interruption of the circuit; for rather than jump across the separatingpoints the static discharge will take place around the points, through the completed circuit. This results not only in the preserving of the instruments, but also permits a much closer adjustment of the instrumentsa matter which is of considerable moment in apparatus of this class.

Another important advantage is that due to the fact that no false signals can be produced upon the reversal ofa current while the sounder S is in operation, for, supposing the lever, dtoibe against the stopd, and there should Likewise it traverses the short' ICC eeoaso s bea reversal which would tend to'cause the lever d to leave that stop and pass to the stop d", it is evident that the time during which there would be practically no current upon the line would be much less than would be practical experiment that by reason of this increased resistance the apparatus can be adjusted to work upon a closer margin than can be accomplished when the lever d is connected with the stop d directly, without the interposition of the resistance 1, and likewise with reference to the resistance T. It will also be noticed that by reason of the differential or opposing coils the receiving instruments are caused to discharge very quickly, so that the signals will not be heavy and sticky by reason of the interval of charge being lengthened, as is liable to be the case with singlecoil instruments. For this reason this organization is usually preferred, though for some classes of work single-coil instruments may be employed with succcss.

In Fig. 2 there is illustrated a modification in which the repeating-sounder operated by the neutral relay R is replaced by a singlecoil instrument In this instance the instrument is wound in one direction only, and the coil is included between the stop d and the lever (1, while the artificial resistance 1* is included between the stop (1 and the battery 2. The operation of this instrument in this organization is apparent. WVhen the lever dis at rest against the stop dflthe instrument S is shunted, and when the lever passes to the stop (1' the instrument responds. The receiving-instrument is not in this instance a repeating-sounder, and does not re ceive the signals.

In Fig. 3 another modificationis illustrated, in which the receiving-instrument of the relay R (shown in Figs. land 2) is constructed with a single coil, as shown at fiflwhich is included between the lever c of the instrument R and the stop 0 of that instrument. The instrument S then operates in precisely the same manner as the instrument S described with reference to Fig. 2. it will respond, however, in this instance when the lever cis towardthe stop 0', instead of the stop 0. This instrument S maybe included in the conductor 15, however, and the resistance r placed in the conductor 14. The instrument operatcd by the relay R" in this figure is the same as shown at S in Fig. 2, and the instrument B may, it is evident, be substituted therefor.

1 claim as my invention- 1. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main line, two batteries,

conductors permanently connecting the positivepole of one and the negative pole of the other with the earth, two smaller batteries, a key for either connecting the negative pole of the first larger battery with the positive pole of one of the smaller batteries, and simultaneously connecting the positive pole of the second larger battery with the negative pole of the other smaller battery, or connecting said poles of the smaller batteries with the earth independently of the larger batteries, and a key for connecting either the negative pole of the'first smaller battery or the positive pole of the second smaller battery with the main line.

.2. The, combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with a local battery, of two receiving-instrumenls in the circuit thereof, and means for shunting the coils or a portion of the coils of either one or both of said instruments, substantially as described.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbeforc set forth, with a main line anda neutral and a polar relay included therein, ot' a local battery having a permanently-closed circuit, two receiving-instruments having their electro-magnet coils included in branch or derived circuits, and means for completing and interrupting the connections through such branch circuits through the instruinentality of said relays.

4. The combination, substantially as hereinbet'ore set forth, with a main line and two relays, of a local battery, conductors leading from the contacts and the armature-levers of said relays to each pole of said battery, and a receiving-instrument having a portion or the whole of its coils included in the portion of the conductor between the lever and one of the contacts of each relay.

5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with a telegraphic line and two relays, ot' a local battery, conductors constituting a permanently-closed circuit t'orsaid battery leading from each pole of the battery to both the front and back contact-stops and the armature-lever of one of said relays, and a receiving-instrunient included between said lever and one of said contacts, substantially as described.

6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of two relays, their armatu re levers and contacts, a local battery. a conductor leading from one pole of said battery to one of said contacts, from said contact to the corresponding lever, from said lever to the remaining corresponding contact, from this contact to one of the contacts of the other relay. from the lastnatned contact to the corresponding lever, from the last-named lever to the remaining contact, and from this contact to the remaining pole of the battery, and two receiving-instruments having their coils or a portion thereof respectively included. between one of said contacts and the corresponding lever of each relay.

7. The combination, substantially as here-1 coil of either or both receiving-instruments 2o inbefore set forth, with a main line and two relays, of a local battery, conductors leading from the contacts and the armature-levers of 5 said relays to each remaining pole of said battery, and a receiving-instrument having a portion or the whole of its coils included in the portion of the conductor between the lever and one of the contacts of each relay, and an :0 artificial resistance included in the portions of the conductor leading from each lever to the remaining contact of the same.

8. The combination, substantially ashereinbefore set forth, of two relays, a local bat- 15 tery, two differentially-wound receiving-instruments, a permanently-closed circuit for said battery in which both coils of each receiving-instrument are included, and means for controlling shunt-connections around one JOSEPH W. LARISH. Witnesses:

GEO. H. UsHER, SIDNEY H. SMITH. 

